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Dimensional Range for Wire
C51000 wire is available in round, square, and rectangular forms, with standardized dimensions under international specifications:
- Round wire: Diameters up to 13 mm (0.500 inches) .
- Square/Rectangular wire: Thickness up to 5 mm (0.188 inches) and width up to 32 mm (1.250 inches) .
- Tolerances: Governed by standards such as ASTM B159/B159M, which specifies permissible deviations for diameter, cross-sectional shape, and surface quality .
International Standards
C51000 wire complies with the following key standards:
- ASTM B159/B159M: Covers requirements for round and flat phosphor bronze wire (alloys C51000, C52100, C52400) in general and spring applications. Includes mechanical property thresholds (e.g., tensile strength, elongation) and dimensional tolerances .
- SAE J463: Specifies material composition and mechanical properties for automotive and industrial components .
- MIL-W-6712: Military standard for wire used in high-reliability applications, emphasizing corrosion resistance and fatigue performance .
- GB/T 21652-2017: Chinese standard for copper alloy wires, detailing requirements for dimensions, grain size, and testing methods .
Chemical Composition
C51000 is a tin-phosphor bronze alloy primarily composed of copper (Cu) with controlled additions of tin (Sn) and phosphorus (P). The chemical composition adheres to ASTM standards (e.g., B139, B103) and is summarized below:
- The synergy between Sn and P enhances elasticity and stress-relaxation resistance while retaining moderate electrical conductivity (~15–28% IACS) .
- Trace impurities are tightly controlled to avoid compromising mechanical or corrosion properties.
Mechanical Properties
C51000 exhibits a balance of strength, ductility, and spring-like resilience, making it ideal for dynamic applications. Properties vary significantly with temper (e.g., annealed, cold-worked).
2.1 Typical Mechanical Properties
2.2 Thermal and Electrical Properties
Performance Influencers
- Cold Working: Enhances strength and hardness but reduces ductility. C51000 has excellent cold-forming capabilities .
- Annealing: Performed at 482–677°C (900–1,250°F) to restore ductility after cold working .
- Limitations: Poor hot-working capacity, susceptibility to stress-corrosion cracking in harsh environments, and limited high-temperature performance (max service ~190°C) .
C51000 copper wire (tin-phosphor bronze) production process and product advantages:
1. Production process
Raw material processing and melting
C51000 is based on copper, with tin (4.2%-5.8%) and a small amount of phosphorus (0.03%-0.35%) added. The raw materials may include self-produced copper rods or purchased intermediates. Thick copper wire or copper rods are formed by smelting and casting.
2. Rolling and wire drawing
Hot rolling: High temperature rolling makes the material structure uniform.
Cold rolled wire drawing: The copper wire is refined by large drawing machine or micro-drawing technology, such as 24-pass die drawing to reach 0.015mm diameter, and continuous drawing and annealing technology is used to improve ductility.
3. Annealing and heat treatment
Annealing: Remove internal stress and restore ductility. Common processes include high-temperature steam annealing (550-600℃ for 2-4 hours)
or online annealing.
Solution treatment/aging treatment: used to optimize the structure and strength, such as rapid cooling after solution treatment, and aging to promote precipitation hardening.
Surface treatment and molding
Tinning: Some processes require the addition of flux and tin to improve weldability, and organic waste gas needs to be treated during the process.
Cold working hardening: Improve hardness and strength through cold rolling, stamping, etc.
Testing and packaging
After Eddy Detector testing and performance inspection, it is packaged and stored.
2. Product advantages
Physical and mechanical properties
High elasticity and fatigue resistance: tensile strength ≥410 MPa, elongation ≥10%, suitable for high-load scenarios such as springs and bearings.
Wear resistance and corrosion resistance: phosphorus element improves corrosion resistance, suitable for shipbuilding and chemical environments.
Electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity
Electrical conductivity 0.14 Ω·mm²/m, thermal conductivity 113 W/(m·K), meet the needs of electrical components (such as electrical contacts, conductors).
Excellent processing performance
Strong cold/hot forming ability, adaptable to complex shapes, and supports secondary processing such as stamping, welding, and bending.
Low friction characteristics, suitable for precision machinery and textile equipment.
Wide application areas
Electronic and electrical: connectors, switch components, resistor wires.
Automotive industry: clutch discs, spring tubes.
High-end manufacturing: musical instrument parts, architectural hardware.
Process compatibility
Performance can be further improved by combining heat treatment (such as quenching and tempering), or expanded by surface treatment such as gold/silver plating.
Q1:Do you provide samples? Is it free or extra?
A1:Yes, we can provide samples free of charge and the customer will pay the freight.
Q2:What if I don't have export experience ?
A2:We have reliable forwarder agent which can ship items to you by sea/air/Express to your doorstep. Any way, we will help you choose the most suitable shipping service.
Q3:How long is your lead time?
A3:If it is in stock, it is usually 5-10 days. Or, if there is no inventory, 15 days, depending on the quantity.
Q4:What are your terms of payment?
A4:30% T/T deposit in advance, 70% T/T balance within 5 days after B/L copy, 100%.Irrevocable L/C at sight, 100% Irrevocable L/C after receive B/L 30-120 days, O/A.
Q5:How is your technical support?
A5:We provide lifetime online support through Whatsapp/ Skype/ Wechat/ Email. Any problem after delivery, we will offer you call anytime.
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